Functions and Roles of Law essays

Functions and Roles of Law essays Ideally, a legal system should be a direct reflection of the society at any given time. What does one consider to be the main functions of the law in his/her society? To answer this question, one has to define precisely what law really is. The definition I like the most is very simple. Law is a set of rules to live by. There are descriptions of many different social functions of the law that can be found in various law books: promoting social freedom, keeping the peace and protecting the environment, promoting economic growth and many others. However, I think that the two main functions of the law are to maintain social cohesion and to keep up with social progress. Social cohesion is the bonding of people into a group extensive shared benefits and consequent actions. The law functions to maintain and establish social cohesion by reinforcing values; establishing patterns of acceptable conduct; providing dispute settling mechanisms and processes; providing law-making and law reform bodies and processes (Green, 1994). Social cohesion preserves the principle value of a given society by: implementing laws that outline standards of acceptable conduct; by providing institutions and processes that cater for the making of laws and resolution of disputes in a peaceful fashion; and by providing agencies that promote law reforms and changes. In todays society, the current legal system permits people great freedom, and regulates this freedom by setting limits. If these limits are breached, it means that one has just broken the law. Seems very easy. Unfortunately, it is not that cut and dry in a real world. The limits that define what is against the law and what is not are being tested in courts every day. There are many loopholes and ways around these precious limits. The good news is that people become used to acting within limits behaving in acceptable patterns. Todays legal system and law provide courts, tribunals,...

Aircraft cabin load Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Aircraft cabin load - Essay Example It also provides propulsion and large supply of fuel, food, and engineering parts. Weight knowledge is important to ensure stability of the carrier as this has effect on the operational life of the ship. Space should be enough to support the weight of an aircraft. Density describes how much weight is in a given volume of a material. When a ship is placed in water, it displaces water whose variable is its volume. When a larger volume shipment is placed on the carrier for shipping, it displaces more water equivalent to its volume as compared to a dense shipment and it results to more costs (Schepisi, 2007). A good understanding of the aircraft cabin load by both the producers and the customers provides a good relationship between the two. Customers who understand how ACL influences pricing of products are more satisfied with the costs they incur while shipping their goods. This helps them calculate on the reasonable profits and effective personal business growth (Schepisi, 2007). Knowledge of calculating aircraft cabin load helps the providers understand the procedures of taxing and the key issues that influence the pricing of a commodity. Taxing by the government reduces corruption and promotes economic growth. It is of great importance that the providers and customers understand the calculation of aircraft cabin load for effective shipping. Schepisi, Giuseppe.  The Practical Calculation of the Load Distribution on Aircraft. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, 1957.

Profiles of an Effective Teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Profiles of an Effective Teacher - Essay Example In addition, it is the role of the school principles to hire reliable teachers with all the qualities of effectiveness. From the research effective teaching is described as a practice used to cultivate learning skills, create motivation, and instill knowledge to students. Skills and competencies of an effective teacher could be demonstrated when teaching in class, planning their lessons, modes of motivating students in classes among others. However, to improve the level of effectiveness of the teachers, principals should play a big role by devising various activities that could assist in guiding the teachers. The principal should supervise the teaching practices and evaluate the progress of the teachers to find whether they are on the right track towards effectiveness. The principals should come up with the ways to reward effective teachers and also creating guidelines that can assist the teachers to develop their skills and competencies. To improve the achievement of schools, principals should create strategies that could impart positive changes in the performance progress of both the teachers and students alike. The principals should adopt five domains implemented by Marzano (2013). Firstly, the principals and the teachers should develop data the focuses on the improvement of the students’ performance both at school and outside the school. Secondly, the teachers and principals should improve the existing instructions continuously that seem to pull back the performance of the school. Thirdly, the school should have a definite and reliable curriculum based on effective teaching and learning practices. Fourth, cooperation and collaboration among the teachers, principals, parents, and students should be put in place in the schools’ virtues.

Investigate an artists design principles,technique and media -antonio Essay

Investigate an artists design principles,technique and media -antonio canova - Essay Example During his life, Canova gained the reputation of one of the most significant sculptors of his time. His contemporaries did not regret strong epithets to describe their admiration of Canova’s talent. They compared him with the best sculptors of antiquity. Antonio Canova had accomplished a large number of great works and masterpieces of world’s sculpture during his life. His art work can be divided into two different periods that refer to the different art styles. He began to sculpt within the popular tradition of baroque; however, after starting to learn ancient art and sculpture, he refused the baroque style, and began to follow the classical ancient restraint. In this respect, the current paper will contrast Canova’s earlier works of baroque style and later sculptures of classical style. To comprehend the idea of the difference in works of both periods, it is also worth giving a short overview of the baroque and classicist traditions that Canova belonged to. Bar oque sculpture is a style in sculpture characterized by the exaggerated theatricality of the images, dynamic poses, expressive gestures and specific extravagance. The style was formed in the 17th and in the first half of the 18th century, as one of the components of the Baroque culture. The expression of the sculpture developed by the baroque tradition reached the unprecedented level. The element of theatricality was actively implemented by the sculptors. The first innovation introduced by the Baroque sculpture was the interest in the dramatic complexity and diversity of the world. The main attention was paid to the dynamism of the ensemble through the embodiment of scenes depicting the certain moment of the certain action. The sculptors sought to include the audience in the space of sculpture and to intensify the entertainment of the scene. A typical feature of the Baroque sculpture is sharp need for the medium and active interaction with it: water, light, and air. Baroque sculptur es need architectural or landscape frame; therefore, the impression of them can usually be lost in the museum environment. In the Renaissance the painting tended to sculptural principles, but in the era of Baroque sculpture tended to the principles of painting. The masters were proud of their ability to assimilate sculpture to painting. This effect was reached with the help of patches of reflected light, playing on the surface of the sculpture. Sculptor’s ideas were intended to perceive the most delicate transitions of light and shadow on the depicted human body. All in all, the space around the figure played a very important role in the art of the Baroque2. According to all these principles, Canova made his first sculptures. The brightest examples of his works made in the Baroque style were the sculpture groups Orpheus and Eurydice (1776) and Daedalus and Icarus (1779). The statue group Orpheus and Eurydice (1776) tells the story of Orpheus, who, after the death of his wife Eurydice, went down into the underworld of the dead. There, with his playing and singing, he touched the goddess Persephone so much that she gave him his wife back. For that Orpheus had to meet one condition not to turn around to look on his wife Eurydice until they come out of the realm of the dead. Orpheus could not resist, he looked back and forever lost his wife. Sculptor managed to convey complex bending shapes in the significant turn and the horror written on the face of Orpheus, who saw that his wife disappeared in the realm of shadows. In 1779 Canova

Investor Psychology and Return Predictability Essay

Investor Psychology and Return Predictability - Essay Example To do so, we start with a traditional constant relative risk aversion utility function. This type of utility function is a standard criterion for choices under uncertainty. This function is expanded in a Taylor approximation up to the fourth order. The first two moments correspond to mean and variance. The third and fourth moment correspond to a directional measure of extreme events and to a symmetric measure respectively. A negative third moment indicates that there are more extreme negative realizations than there are positive ones. The fourth moment measures how the tails of the return distribution compare with the tails of the Gaussian distribution. From a technical point of view, in our paper, a numerical optimization takes place where the allocation involves higher moments. More pronounced results expected in the case one consider portfolios of individual stocks. Our findings are the following: a) When an investor may allocate his wealth to the indices and to the risk-free asset, then the weights corresponding to the risky assets are essentially unaffected by the introduction of a concern for the third or fourth moments. c) As the third moment comes to play a role, Asia (except Japan) gets less weighted because it contains large negative returns, whereas the importance of Japan is increased. The strong weighting of Japan comes from the fact that the Japanese returns contain several very large positive outliers generating a positive third moment. The implication of this research is that the traditional utility functions or expansions thereof may not sufficiently weigh realizations of extreme nature. This brings up the question how to adapt a utility function so that more weight is given to extreme realizations. A further question is how the allocation would change in a conditional setting, or with individual stocks rather than with portfolios, since in such circumstances, one may expect that higher moments take larger values than in the present setting. These questions are left for future research. Abstract Investment strategy is the first issue that investors should consider. At the outset, investing is an act of faith, a willingness to postpone present consumption and save for the future. Investing for the long term is central to the achievement of optimal returns by investors. Unfortunately, the principle of investing for the long term-eschewing funds with high turnover portfolios and holding shares in soundly managed funds as investments for a lifetime- is honoured more in the breach than in the observance by most mutual fund managers and shareholders. This proposition for investor's psychology affect the return predictability can be shown to be precisely true in several popular mathematical models of the portfolio decision. If returns are independent over time, then the mean and variance of continuously compounded returns rises in proportion to the horizon: The

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Accounting - Essay Example The company is in a stiff competitive industry. Some of the Toyota competitors are general motors, Ford motors company, Nissan motors, Honda motor company and Volkswagen AG just to mention but a few. The financial statements in the year 2010 have shown a declining performance in Toyota performance. This has been attributed to the economic conditions in Japan, US, Europe and the other parts of the world. Despite the economic downturn the management of Toyota is still geared at ensuring customer satisfaction by putting first the interest of the customers and at the same time looking at the demands and expectation of the society by remaining socially responsible to all stakeholders. The company has undergone major restructuring in order to correct the disturbing performance. The company has also planned to manufacture reliable and cheap car models that are environmentally compliant to gain market power. According to the financial report of 2010, the company 2010 total asset amount ed to $326196 million while the total liability for this year was $208715million dollars. The net stockholders equity was $117481 million (Toyota 63). These values are adverse compared to the 2009 financial performance. For instance, the total asset in 2009 was 29062037milion yen. The revenue for 2010 as per the income statement was $190507 million and the net profits attributed to the corporation were $2251million (Toyota 62). The basic earnings per share for this particular period was $ 0.72 a value equivalent to the diluted EPS. It must be noted that this profit values are an improvement when compared to the year 2009 where the company incurred a net loss in their income statement. The improved result is attributed to the reduction in cost of manufacturing and operation as championed by the

Southwest vs. Jetblue Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Southwest vs. Jetblue Airlines - Essay Example Southwest Airlines was first incorporated as Air Southwest Company on 15, March 1967. Its mission is to provide air transport to passengers within Texas State. However, Southwest Airline is currently operating in six states. It is serving over seventy cities, which enables the airline to make about three thousand three hundred flights daily. The porter’s five forces of the Airline industry with reference to Southwest Airline The first factor is the new entrant’s factor. Air industry is critical to economic growth and development. It is critical in any economy. Therefore, it is an industry perceived by many as highly lucrative. However, huge amount of capital is required to start air transport business and industry is riddled with high level risks. The industry also experiences complicated licensing, certification and regulations procedures, which makes it hard to penetrate. Furthermore, increasing cost of fuel makes it difficult for many people to venture it. The second factor is threats of substitutes. The substitutes to air transport are road, rail and water. Southwest Airline faces competition from road because most (80%) of its customers are domestic customers. If road transport improves, the airline may lose bulk of its domestic customers. Southwest Airline has been lobbying against the introduction of high speed rail transport services in the State of Texas. This is to prevent competition from substitutive high speed train services. Third factor to consider is the bargaining power of customers. Customers do not have a strong bargaining power in the air industry. As a result, they do not have a collective bargaining power to influence air prices. The fourth factor is the bargaining power of suppliers. Suppliers of aircrafts and spares are influential to prices making it difficult for operators to bargain. This is due to the standards on aircrafts and its spares that FAA imposes on operators. The operators must purchase genuine parts that are mostly expensive. The suppliers of fuel are few; therefore, they largely influence the prices of fuel. Airline operators do not have powers over the fuel suppliers and are left to develop ways of improving fuel efficiency. For example, Southwest Airlines introduced use of high pressure water to clean the engine, an exercise that improves fuel efficiency by 1.9 percent. The company has also managed to contain its employees through strong team coordination, open communication and promotion of work-life balance. Furthermore, the employees are also supported by top management. This has made employees proud of the company. Fifth factor to consider is the level of rivalry within the industry. This is among the real threats that can bring the industry down. Southwest Airline faces direct competition from JetBlue and AirTran Holdings, which are also low cost carriers. To minimize competition and increase its revenue base, the company acquired Muse Air in 1985, Morris Air in 1993, ATA Airlin es in 2008 and Air Tran Airways in 2011. Acquisitions enabled Southwest Airline to absorb key routes in the Pacific Norwest and acquire operating certificate as well as landing slots in LaGuardia Airport. However, the company failed to acquire Frontier Airlines thus lost Denver market. Strategic valuation method The strategic valuation method that is useful in valuing the company is the shareholder Value Analysis. Shareholder value analysis refers to financial analysis, which estimates the